翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Voluntary commitment ・ Voluntary Committee of Lawyers ・ Voluntary compliance ・ Voluntary controlled school ・ Voluntary counseling and testing ・ Voluntary CQC Mark Certification ・ Voluntary disclosure ・ Voluntary disclosure agreement ・ Voluntary Disclosure of Income Scheme ・ Voluntary dismissal ・ Voluntary ecological year ・ Voluntary Emission Reduction ・ Voluntary Employee Beneficiary Association ・ Voluntary euthanasia ・ Voluntary Euthanasia Party ・ Voluntary exchange ・ Voluntary Exclusion ・ Voluntary export restraints ・ Voluntary Flexible Agreement ・ Voluntary Health Scotland ・ Voluntary Health Services ・ Voluntary Human Extinction Movement ・ Voluntary intoxication in English law ・ Voluntary manslaughter ・ Voluntary Marine Conservation Area ・ Voluntary Medical Service Medal ・ Voluntary observing ship program ・ Voluntary Optimisation of Class Structure Scheme ・ Voluntary Parenthood League ・ Voluntary Partnership Agreement Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Voluntary exchange ： ウィキペディア英語版 Voluntary exchange Voluntary exchange is the act of buyers and sellers freely and willingly engaging in market transactions. Moreover, transactions are made in such a way that both the buyer and the seller are better off after the exchange than before it occurred.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=AmosWEB is Economics: GLOSS *arama )〕 Voluntary exchange is also a fundamental assumption made by neoclassical economics.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Voluntary Exchange Theory of Public Economy )〕 That is, when neoclassical (mainstream) economists theorize about the world, they assume voluntary exchange is taking place. Building on this assumption, mainstream economics goes on to conclude a variety of important results, e.g., that market activity is efficient, that free trade has net positive effects, and that markets in which economic agents participate voluntarily make them better off. Notably, mainstream economists, having made the assumption of voluntary exchange, have thus defined away the possibility of finding exploitation. Marxist economists, one of the major alternatives to neoclassical economics, simply assume exploitation. Thus it can be said that economics broadly cannot objectively test for the existence of exploitation of one party or group by another. This is arguably a major failure of the discipline. Mainstream economists have shown that voluntary exchanges are more conducive to economic efficiency than exchanges mandated by governments.〔 On the other hand, there is no theoretical basis for arguing that partially or completely involuntary exchange is preferable to other arrangements, such as government mandates.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Public Economics, Market Failure, and Voluntary Exchange )〕 Voluntary exchange is sometimes at the root of arguments about the morality of markets. Libertarians often invoke the morality as well as the efficiency of voluntary exchange to argue against government mandates, including many forms of taxation. The morality of markets, even those rarely adhering to true voluntary exchange, are nonetheless in dispute.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Morality of Market Behavior )〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Voluntary exchange」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.